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Maeda, N., Hada, T., Murakami-Nakai, C., Kuriyama, I., Ichikawa, H., Fukumori, Y., Hiratsuka, J., Yoshida, H., Sakaguchi, K., and Mizushina, Y. Effects of DNA polymerase inhibitory and antitumor activities of lipase-hydrolyzed glycolipid fractions from spinach. J.Nutr.Biochem. 2005;16(2):121-128. View abstract.

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McKillop, D. J., McNulty, H., Scott, J. M., McPartlin, J. M., Strain, J. J., Bradbury, I., Girvan, J., Hoey, L., McCreedy, R., Alexander, J., Patterson, B. K., Hannon-Fletcher, M., and Pentieva, K. The rate of intestinal absorption of natural food folates is not related to the extent of folate conjugation. Am J Clin Nutr 2006;84(1):167-173. View abstract.

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Munoz, O., Diaz, O. P., Leyton, I., Nunez, N., Devesa, V., Suner, M. A., Velez, D., and Montoro, R. Vegetables collected in the cultivated Andean area of northern Chile: total and inorganic arsenic contents in raw vegetables. J.Agric.Food Chem. 1-30-2002;50(3):642-647. View abstract.

O’Neill, M. E., Carroll, Y., Corridan, B., Olmedilla, B., Granado, F., Blanco, I., van den, Berg H., Hininger, I., Rousell, A. M., Chopra, M., Southon, S., and Thurnham, D. I. A European carotenoid database to assess carotenoid intakes and its use in a five-country comparative study. Br J Nutr 2001;85(4):499-507. View abstract.

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Pingulkar, K., Kamat, A., and Bongirwar, D. Microbiological quality of fresh leafy vegetables, salad components and ready-to-eat salads: an evidence of inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes in tomatoes. Int.J Food Sci.Nutr. 2001;52(1):15-23. View abstract.

Porrini, M., Riso, P., and Oriani, G. Spinach and tomato consumption increases lymphocyte DNA resistance to oxidative stress but this is not related to cell carotenoid concentrations. Eur.J.Nutr. 2002;41(3):95-100. View abstract.

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Rutzke, C. J., Glahn, R. P., Rutzke, M. A., Welch, R. M., Langhans, R. W., Albright, L. D., Combs, G. F., Jr., and Wheeler, R. M. Bioavailability of iron from spinach using an in vitro/human Caco-2 cell bioassay model. Habitation.(Elmsford.) 2004;10(1):7-14. View abstract.

Boost energy levels by increasing magnesium: http://www.webmd.com/women/features/10-energy-boosters

Sanchez, I., Rodriguez, F., Garcia-Abujeta, J. L., Fernandez, L., Quinones, D., and Martin-Gil, D. Oral allergy syndrome induced by spinach. Allergy 1997;52(12):1245-1246. View abstract.

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Savino, F., Maccario, S., Guidi, C., Castagno, E., Farinasso, D., Cresi, F., Silvestro, L., and Mussa, G. C. Methemoglobinemia caused by the ingestion of courgette soup given in order to resolve constipation in two formula-fed infants. Ann.Nutr.Metab 2006;50(4):368-371. View abstract.

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Tokui, N., Yoshimura, T., Fujino, Y., Mizoue, T., Hoshiyama, Y., Yatsuya, H., Sakata, K., Kondo, T., Kikuchi, S., Toyoshima, H., Hayakawa, N., Kubo, T., and Tamakoshi, A. Dietary habits and stomach cancer risk in the JACC Study. J.Epidemiol. 2005;15 Suppl 2:S98-108. View abstract.

Torres-Sanchez, L., Lopez-Carrillo, L., Lopez-Cervantes, M., Rueda-Neria, C., and Wolff, M. S. Food sources of phytoestrogens and breast cancer risk in Mexican women. Nutr.Cancer 2000;37(2):134-139. View abstract.

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Bandazhevskaya, G. S., Nesterenko, V. B., Babenko, V. I., Yerkovich, T. V., and Bandazhevsky, Y. I. Relationship between caesium (137Cs) load, cardiovascular symptoms, and source of food in ‘Chernobyl’ children — preliminary observations after intake of oral apple pectin. Swiss.Med Wkly. 12-18-2004;134(49-50):725-729. View abstract.

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Castillo-Zamora, C., Castillo-Peralta, L. A., and Nava-Ocampo, A. A. Randomized trial comparing overnight preoperative fasting period Vs oral administration of apple juice at 06:00-06:30 am in pediatric orthopedic surgical patients. Paediatr.Anaesth. 2005;15(8):638-642. View abstract.

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Hoekstra, J. H., van den Aker, J. H., Ghoos, Y. F., Hartemink, R., and Kneepkens, C. M. Fluid intake and industrial processing in apple juice induced chronic non-specific diarrhoea. Arch Dis Child 1995;73(2):126-130. View abstract.

Howell, A. B., Reed, J. D., Krueger, C. G., Winterbottom, R., Cunningham, D. G., and Leahy, M. A-type cranberry proanthocyanidins and uropathogenic bacterial anti-adhesion activity. Phytochemistry 2005;66(18):2281-2291. View abstract.

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Maekawa, N., Mikawa, K., Yaku, H., Nishina, K., and Obara, H. Effects of 2-, 4- and 12-hour fasting intervals on preoperative gastric fluid pH and volume, and plasma glucose and lipid homeostasis in children. Acta Anaesthesiol.Scand 1993;37(8):783-787. View abstract.

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Mee, K. A. and Gee, D. L. Apple fiber and gum arabic lowers total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in men with mild hypercholesterolemia. J Am Diet Assoc 1997;97(4):422-424. View abstract.

Naguib, M., Samarkandimb, A. H., Al-Hattab, Y., Turkistani, A., Delvi, M. B., Riad, W., and Attia, M. Metabolic, hormonal and gastric fluid and pH changes after different preoperative feeding regimens. Can J Anaesth. 2001;48(4):344-350. View abstract.

Nesterenko, V. B., Nesterenko, A. V., Babenko, V. I., Yerkovich, T. V., and Babenko, I. V. Reducing the 137Cs-load in the organism of “Chernobyl” children with apple-pectin. Swiss.Med Wkly. 1-10-2004;134(1-2):24-27. View abstract.

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Shah, M., Griffin, I. J., Lifschitz, C. H., and Abrams, S. A. Effect of orange and apple juices on iron absorption in children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2003;157(12):1232-1236. View abstract.

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Slifko, T. R., Smith, H. V., and Rose, J. B. Emerging parasite zoonoses associated with water and food. Int J Parasitol. 2000;30(12-13):1379-1393. View abstract.

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Splinter, W. M., Stewart, J. A., and Muir, J. G. Large volumes of apple juice preoperatively do not affect gastric pH and volume in children. Can J Anaesth. 1990;37(1):36-39. View abstract.

Splinter, W. M., Stewart, J. A., and Muir, J. G. The effect of preoperative apple juice on gastric contents, thirst, and hunger in children. Can J Anaesth. 1989;36(1):55-58. View abstract.

Takahashi, T., Kamimura, A., Yokoo, Y., Honda, S., and Watanabe, Y. The first clinical trial of topical application of procyanidin B-2 to investigate its potential as a hair growing agent. Phytother.Res 2001;15(4):331-336. View abstract.

Tanabe, T., Ebina, M., Ishihara, H., Matsuki, A., Oshima, S., and Fukushi, S. [Preanesthetic meals in elective surgical patients]. Masui 1997;46(6):788-792. View abstract.

Tanabe, T., Hashimoto, Y., Sugihara, K., Miyata, A., Maeda, A., Ishihara, H., and Matsuki, A. [The effect of preoperative oral fluid intake on the volume and pH of gastric contents in elective surgical patients–a comparison of tea with apple juice]. Masui 1996;45(8):967-970. View abstract.

Tariq, M. and Beg, M. H. A foreign body in the bronchus still presents problems. Int J Clin Pract 1999;53(1):81-82. View abstract.

Tazawa, K., Yatuzuka, K., Yatuzuka, M., Koike, J., Ohkami, H., Saito, T., Ohnishi, Y., and Saito, M. [Dietary fiber inhibits the incidence of hepatic metastasis with the anti-oxidant activity and portal scavenging functions]. Hum Cell 1999;12(4):189-196. View abstract.

Teff, K. L., Devine, J., and Engelman, K. Sweet taste: effect on cephalic phase insulin release in men. Physiol Behav 1995;57(6):1089-1095. View abstract.

Vahteristo, L., Kariluoto, S., Barlund, S., Karkkainen, M., Lamberg-Allardt, C., Salovaara, H., and Piironen, V. Functionality of endogenous folates from rye and orange juice using human in vivo model. Eur J Nutr 2002;41(6):271-278. View abstract.

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Valois, S., Costa-Ribeiro, H., Jr., Mattos, A., Ribeiro, T. C., Mendes, C. M., and Lifshitz, F. Controlled, double-blind, randomized clinical trial to evaluate the impact of fruit juice consumption on the evolution of infants with acute diarrhea. Nutr J 2005;4:23. View abstract.

Vincent, R. D., Jr., McNeil, T. J., Spaid, C. L., MacMahon, F. R., Maxwell, S. J., Brenner, J. S., and Schryer, V. L. Does 360 ml of apple juice ingested before elective surgery worsen gastric volume and acidity in patients given acid aspiration prophylaxis? J Clin Anesth. 1991;3(4):285-289. View abstract.

Visvanathan, R., Chen, R., Horowitz, M., and Chapman, I. Blood pressure responses in healthy older people to 50 g carbohydrate drinks with differing glycaemic effects. Br J Nutr 2004;92(2):335-340. View abstract.

Wakhloo, A. K., Beyer, J., Diederich, C., and Schulz, G. [Effect of dietary fat on blood sugar levels and insulin consumption after intake of various carbohydrate carriers in type I diabetics on the artificial pancreas]. Dtsch.Med Wochenschr. 10-19-1984;109(42):1589-1594. View abstract.

Yanagida, A., Kanda, T., Tanabe, M., Matsudaira, F., and Oliveira Cordeiro, J. G. Inhibitory effects of apple polyphenols and related compounds on cariogenic factors of mutans streptococci. J Agric.Food Chem 2000;48(11):5666-5671. View abstract.

Yaneva, M. P., Botushanova, A. D., Grigorov, L. A., Kokov, J. L., Todorova, E. P., and Krachanova, M. G. Evaluation of the immunomodulatory activity of Aronia in combination with apple pectin in patients with breast cancer undergoing postoperative radiation therapy. Folia Med (Plovdiv.) 2002;44(1-2):22-25. View abstract.

Young, J. F., Nielsen, S. E., Haraldsdottir, J., Daneshvar, B., Lauridsen, S. T., Knuthsen, P., Crozier, A., Sandstrom, B., and Dragsted, L. O. [Polyphenolic antioxidants in fruit juice. Urinary excretion and effects on biological markers for antioxidative status]. Ugeskr.Laeger 3-6-2000;162(10):1388-1392. View abstract.

Young, J. F., Nielsen, S. E., Haraldsdottir, J., Daneshvar, B., Lauridsen, S. T., Knuthsen, P., Crozier, A., Sandstrom, B., and Dragsted, L. O. Effect of fruit juice intake on urinary quercetin excretion and biomarkers of antioxidative status. Am J Clin Nutr 1999;69(1):87-94. View abstract.

Bailey DG, Dresser GK, Munoz C, et al. Reduction of fexofenadine bioavailability by fruit juices. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2001;69:P21.

Bailey DG. Fruit juice inhibition of uptake transport: a new type of food-drug interaction. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2010;70:645-55. View abstract.

Balay, K. S., Hawthorne, K. M., Hicks, P. D., Griffin, I. J., Chen, Z., Westerman, M., and Abrams, S. A. Orange but not apple juice enhances ferrous fumarate absorption in small children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2010;50(5):545-550. View abstract.

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Grzanna, R., Polotsky, A., Phan, P. V., Pugh, N., Pasco, D., and Frondoza, C. G. Immolina, a high-molecular-weight polysaccharide fraction of Spirulina, enhances chemokine expression in human monocytic THP-1 cells. J Altern Complement Med 2006;12(5):429-435. View abstract.

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Han, L. K., Li, D. X., Xiang, L., Gong, X. J., Kondo, Y., Suzuki, I., and Okuda, H. [Isolation of pancreatic lipase activity-inhibitory component of spirulina platensis and it reduce postprandial triacylglycerolemia]. Yakugaku Zasshi 2006;126(1):43-49. View abstract.

Hayashi, K., Hayashi, T., and Kojima, I. A natural sulfated polysaccharide, calcium spirulan, isolated from Spirulina platensis: in vitro and ex vivo evaluation of anti-herpes simplex virus and anti-human immunodeficiency virus activities. AIDS res Hum Retroviruses 10-10-1996;12(15):1463-1471. View abstract.

He, H. L., Chen, X. L., Wu, H., Sun, C. Y., Zhang, Y. Z., and Zhou, B. C. High throughput and rapid screening of marine protein hydrolysates enriched in peptides with angiotensin-I-converting enzyme inhibitory activity by capillary electrophoresis. Bioresour.Technol 2007;98(18):3499-3505. View abstract.

Herrero, M., Vicente, M. J., Cifuentes, A., and Ibanez, E. Characterization by high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry of the lipid fraction of Spirulina platensis pressurized ethanol extract. Rapid Commun.Mass Spectrom. 2007;21(11):1729-1738. View abstract.

Hofer, A., Legat, F. J., Gruber-Wackernagel, A., Quehenberger, F., and Wolf, P. Topical liposomal DNA-repair enzymes in polymorphic light eruption. Photochem.Photobiol.Sci. 2011;10(7):1118-1128. View abstract.

Hongsthong, A., Sirijuntarut, M., Prommeenate, P., Thammathorn, S., Bunnag, B., Cheevadhanarak, S., and Tanticharoen, M. Revealing differentially expressed proteins in two morphological forms of Spirulina platensis by proteomic analysis. Mol.Biotechnol. 2007;36(2):123-130. View abstract.

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Ishimi, Y., Sugiyama, F., Ezaki, J., Fujioka, M., and Wu, J. Effects of spirulina, a blue-green alga, on bone metabolism in ovariectomized rats and hindlimb-unloaded mice. Biosci.Biotechnol.Biochem 2006;70(2):363-368. View abstract.

Ivanova, K. G., Stankova, K. G., Nikolov, V. N., Georgieva, R. T., Minkova, K. M., Gigova, L. G., Rupova, I. T., and Boteva, R. N. The biliprotein C-phycocyanin modulates the early radiation response: a pilot study. Mutat.Res. 2010;695(1-2):40-45. View abstract.

Iwata K, Inayama T, and Kato T. Effects of spirulina platensis on fructose-induced hyperlipidemia in rats. Nippon Eiyo Shokuryo Gakkaishi (J Jpn Soc Nutr Food Sci) 1987;40:463-467.

Iwata, K., Inayama, T., and Kato, T. Effects of Spirulina platensis on plasma lipoprotein lipase activity in fructose-induced hyperlipidemic rats. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol.(Tokyo) 1990;36(2):165-171. View abstract.

Johnson PE and Shubert LE. Accumulation of mercury and other elements by Spirulina (Cyanophyceae). Nutr Rep Int 1986;34:1063-1070.

Karaca, T. and Simsek, N. Effects of spirulina on the number of ovary mast cells in lead-induced toxicity in rats. Phytother Res 2007;21(1):44-46. View abstract.

Karkos, P. D., Leong, S. C., Arya, A. K., Papouliakos, S. M., Apostolidou, M. T., and Issing, W. J. ‘Complementary ENT’: a systematic review of commonly used supplements. J Laryngol.Otol. 2007;121(8):779-782. View abstract.

Kato T, Takemoto K, Katayama H, and et al. Effects of spirulina (Spirulina platensis) on dietary hypercholesterolemia in rats. Nippon Eiyo Shokuryo Gakkaishi (J Jpn Soc Nutr Food Sci) 1984;37:323-332.

Kaushal, S., Mathur, S. R., Mallick, S. R., and Ramam, M. Disseminated cutaneous, laryngeal, nasopharyngeal, and recurrent obstructive nasal rhinosporidiosis in an immunocompetent adult: a case report and review of literature. Int.J.Dermatol. 2011;50(3):340-342. View abstract.

Khan, M., Shobha, J. C., Mohan, I. K., Naidu, M. U., Sundaram, C., Singh, S., Kuppusamy, P., and Kutala, V. K. Protective effect of Spirulina against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Phytother Res 2005;19(12):1030-1037. View abstract.

Khan, M., Shobha, J. C., Mohan, I. K., Rao Naidu, M. U., Prayag, A., and Kutala, V. K. Spirulina attenuates cyclosporine-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. J Appl Toxicol 2006;26(5):444-451. View abstract.

Khan, M., Varadharaj, S., Ganesan, L. P., Shobha, J. C., Naidu, M. U., Parinandi, N. L., Tridandapani, S., Kutala, V. K., and Kuppusamy, P. C-phycocyanin protects against ischemia-reperfusion injury of heart through involvement of p38 MAPK and ERK signaling. Am J Physiol Heart Circ.Physiol 2006;290(5):H2136-H2145. View abstract.

Khan, M., Varadharaj, S., Shobha, J. C., Naidu, M. U., Parinandi, N. L., Kutala, V. K., and Kuppusamy, P. C-phycocyanin ameliorates doxorubicin-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in adult rat cardiomyocytes. J Cardiovasc.Pharmacol 2006;47(1):9-20. View abstract.

Konno, T., Umeda, Y., Umeda, M., Kawachi, I., Oyake, M., and Fujita, N. [A case of inflammatory myopathy with widely skin rash following use of supplements containing Spirulina]. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 2011;51(5):330-333. View abstract.

Kraigher, O., Wohl, Y., Gat, A., and Brenner, S. A mixed immunoblistering disorder exhibiting features of bullous pemphigoid and pemphigus foliaceus associated with Spirulina algae intake. Int.J.Dermatol. 2008;47(1):61-63. View abstract.

Kuhad, A., Tirkey, N., Pilkhwal, S., and Chopra, K. Effect of Spirulina, a blue green algae, on gentamicin-induced oxidative stress and renal dysfunction in rats. Fundam.Clin Pharmacol 2006;20(2):121-128. View abstract.

Kuhad, A., Tirkey, N., Pilkhwal, S., and Chopra, K. Renoprotective effect of Spirulina fusiformis on cisplatin-induced oxidative stress and renal dysfunction in rats. Ren Fail. 2006;28(3):247-254. View abstract.

Li, B., Gao, M. H., Zhang, X. C., and Chu, X. M. Molecular immune mechanism of C-phycocyanin from Spirulina platensis induces apoptosis in HeLa cells in vitro. Biotechnol.Appl Biochem 2006;43(Pt 3):155-164. View abstract.

Loke, M. F., Lui, S. Y., Ng, B. L., Gong, M., and Ho, B. Antiadhesive property of microalgal polysaccharide extract on the binding of Helicobacter pylori to gastric mucin. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 2007;50(2):231-238. View abstract.

Madhyastha, H. K., Radha, K. S., Sugiki, M., Omura, S., and Maruyama, M. Purification of c-phycocyanin from Spirulina fusiformis and its effect on the induction of urokinase-type plasminogen activator from calf pulmonary endothelial cells. Phytomedicine 2006;13(8):564-569. View abstract.

Mani UV, Desai S, and Iyer U. Studies on the long-term effect of spirulina supplementation on serum lipid profile and glycated proteins in NIDDM patients. J Nutraceut 2000;2(3):25-32.

Marcel, A. K., Ekali, L. G., Eugene, S., Arnold, O. E., Sandrine, E. D., von der, Weid D., Gbaguidi, E., Ngogang, J., and Mbanya, J. C. The effect of Spirulina platensis versus soybean on insulin resistance in HIV-infected patients: a randomized pilot study. Nutrients. 2011;3(7):712-724. View abstract.

Mazokopakis, E. E., Karefilakis, C. M., Tsartsalis, A. N., Milkas, A. N., and Ganotakis, E. S. Acute rhabdomyolysis caused by Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis). Phytomedicine. 2008;15(6-7):525-527. View abstract.

Micheletti, E., Colica, G., Viti, C., Tamagnini, P., and De, Philippis R. Selectivity in the heavy metal removal by exopolysaccharide-producing cyanobacteria. J.Appl.Microbiol. 2008;105(1):88-94. View abstract.

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Mitchell, G. V., Grundel, E., Jenkins, M., and Blakely, S. R. Effects of graded dietary levels of Spirulina maxima on vitamins A and E in male rats. J Nutr. 1990;120(10):1235-1240. View abstract.

Mittalo A, Kumar A, and Rao T. Modulatory influence of Spirulina fusiformas on 7, 12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene induced papillomagenesis in the skin of mice. Pharmaceut Biol 1998;36(5):341-346.

Mohan, I. K., Khan, M., Shobha, J. C., Naidu, M. U., Prayag, A., Kuppusamy, P., and Kutala, V. K. Protection against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity by Spirulina in rats. Cancer Chemother.Pharmacol 2006;58(6):802-808. View abstract.

Moulis, G., Batz, A., Durrieu, G., Viard, C., Decramer, S., and Montastruc, J. L. Severe neonatal hypercalcemia related to maternal exposure to nutritional supplement containing Spirulina. Eur.J.Clin.Pharmacol. 2012;68(2):221-222. View abstract.

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Mustafa, N., Periyasamy, P., and Kamaruddin, N. Steven Johnson syndrome in a patient with Cushing’s disease. Med.J.Malaysia 2009;64(3):238-239. View abstract.

Nakaya N, Homma Y, and Goto Y. Cholesterol lowering effect of spirulina. Nutrit Repor Internat 1988;37(6):1329-1337.

Narasimha, D. L., Venkataraman, G. S., Duggal, S. K., and Eggum, B. O. Nutritional quality of the blue-green alga Spirulina platensis Geitler. J Sci Food Agric 1982;33(5):456-460. View abstract.

Nielsen, C. H., Balachandran, P., Christensen, O., Pugh, N. D., Tamta, H., Sufka, K. J., Wu, X., Walsted, A., Schjorring-Thyssen, M., Enevold, C., and Pasco, D. S. Enhancement of natural killer cell activity in healthy subjects by Immulina(R), a Spirulina extract enriched for Braun-type lipoproteins. Planta Med. 2010;76(16):1802-1808. View abstract.

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